Ghostwriters are experienced songwriting consultants contracted to help write songs, lyrics, melodies, or hooks. They are brought in at the beginning of the songwriting process and contribute until they achieve the artist's or music label's goals. Typical contracts stipulate that the ghostwriters will not receive named credit or royalties for the song or project they help create. Hence, the name ghostwriter.
A ghostwriter's priority is understanding the artist they are working with. A clear understanding of the aesthetics and goals of the artist helps begin the creative process. The ghostwriter will most likely start with the melody when creating a song. Melodies are essential for the writer because they drive many of the emotions the listener may feel. The next step will be to utilize the Upstream Creation Model.
Ghostwriters are commonly used in three scenarios. One scenario is that the performing artist has a competent singing voice but needs help to create impactful lyrics. Another scenario is the need for a specific narrative for a project. In this scenario, the performance artist is also a strong writer and needs reinforcement. A prime example is Kanye West's writing sessions. The last scenario is that the music label wants to create a brand for a specific market. The performing artist has an aesthetic that can attract a market but could be a better singer or writer. Using a ghostwriter can help create and segment a market for the performing artist.
Using ghostwriters has received criticism from artists and music enthusiasts because of the perceived lack of authenticity. This view is primarily because of the music label scenario. The market segmentation comes at a cost to genuine creativity and talent, manifesting as a need for more passion for enthusiasts. Many people also view music creation as talented individuals using each other's competence to create music rather than a focused collaboration.